Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Last - Assignment Example These youngsters are matured from kindergarten to the fifth grade and are consequently separated in like manner into three unique gatherings, (kindergarten and first, second and third, and the fourth and fifth grades). Both the school and the program is to a great extent white, with one of the bigger Jewish populaces in San Diego being spoken to. As announced previously, the program, dissimilar to the one at Cadman isn't organized with a formalistic thoroughness and subsequently kids can leave whenever the timing is ideal, and not by the day's end. Actually, over the length of my visit, there was a consistent stream of guardians showing up to get their youngsters. As there are three diverse age gatherings to manage, the program attempts to utilize particular zones inside the school for every one of the gatherings. The school amphitheater is utilized as the schoolwork zone for the primary gathering [K/1], though the cafeteria and school library fill in as the schoolwork spaces for the second [2/3] and third [4/5] bunches individually. Additionally, the amphitheater likewise fills in as the principle action and meeting space for the whole program, and access to the library’s PCs are given during library and club action time. Other outside exercises are directed in the school’s play area. ... Next, the gatherings split and are lead out for various wellness exercises, which normally keep going for about 30 minutes. The accentuation here is by all accounts on cooperation, however I saw that it included a ton of remaining around, particularly when the kids needed to sit tight at specific games. This could be dispensed with by expanding the quantity of games or by diminishing the size of the gatherings. If there should arise an occurrence of a trouble in doing either, the time apportioned to the various gatherings could vary dependent on their age contrasts. After the wellness exercises, the kids get ready for nibble. Planning involves an appropriate cleaning of hands. All tidbits are given by SAY, and are solid decisions that comprise of a full serving from in any event two of the nutritional categories. After bite, the youngsters get ready for schoolwork time, which is by all accounts the primary focal point of the program. Each kid in the program is ensured thirty minutes of schoolwork time, with at least two educators present to help coach each gathering. The timetable accommodates an hour of schoolwork time, particularly for understudies with intense or long assignments. Kids who have completed their schoolwork are permitted to have free play time on the school play area. This is done to guarantee that youngsters with troublesome or longer assignments get satisfactory consideration. The proportion for the program involves a limit of 14 understudies to each regulating educator. This proportion isn't entirely different from the limit of 12 in the Cadman program. Taking into account that the Cadman program requires more direction and perception, the proportion is generally excellent at Phoebe. As referenced before, the youngsters leave at various occasions. Consequently, after the booked schoolwork hour, youngsters despite everything going to the program will take a shot at a workmanship program. This

Essay on Educational Philosophy

Paper on Educational Philosophy Paper on Educational Philosophy My Educational Philosophy Final Draft No two people are actually similar. With that, no two people will learn and utilize the data they get similarly. Not every person is carefully one kind of student. I accept that there is no ideal way of thinking. I accept everybody discovers highlights from more than one way of thinking that they concur with. Diversity fits precisely what I accept. No way of thinking fits each learning technique in each circumstance or all understudies. I imagine that behaviorism and constructivism are enormous pieces of the manner in which people learn. Individuals gain from their encounters and by watching encounters of others. Understudies ought to do exercises that put them, all things considered, circumstances so they can use earlier information to work from. In the event that somebody contacts a hot burner on the oven they will consume their hand. They got a negative ramification for their activity. In view of that experience they will undoubtedly not have any desire to contact the hot burner o nce more. I accept that understudies ought to be compensated for their accomplishments, yet I don't accept that they need a â€Å"prize† without fail. I concur with certain perspectives on Progressivism. Everybody must be continually learning and rediscovering to keep awake to date with their general surroundings. The world is ever-evolving. Instruction is utilized to figure out how to take care of issues and find our environmental factors. Understudies are continually changing and adding to what they know as they learn new data. Educators ought not be in the study hall yelping orders throughout the day, however be as an afterthought lines directing the understudies in the right way. My instructive perspectives above are fundamentally the same as with the perspectives on John Locke. He accepts that when a human is brought into the world their psyche is an unadulterated, clear record. Each circumstance one experiences, helps shape their ever-evolving mind. Like Locke, I accept that there are two various types of encounters, sensation and reflection. Sensations tell about the things in the outside world and reflections are about the tasks and procedures of our own personalities. The human brain is dynamic. Consistently it stores many basic thoughts and can join them into an assortment of mind boggling thoughts. In my homeroom I will make certain to know each student’s needs and learning challenges. Being in Deaf Education, each understudy will be unique. Some may have portable hearing assistants, or cochlear inserts. I

The Child in Flannery O’Connor’s A Temple of the Holy Ghost Essay

The Child in Flannery O’Connor’s A Temple of the Holy Ghost â€Å"None of their ways were lost on the child† (236). This section presents the primary character just named the â€Å"child† in Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Temple of the Holy Ghost† and without a doubt she is impacted not just by the two young ladies that this line alludes to, however by all that she hears and sees. She is extremely immediate and talks without speculation, for instance when she requests that her mom welcome Mr. â€Å"Cheat,† an admirer of Miss Kirby’s, the teacher who is dwelling with her family. Her unequivocal quality can be perused as â€Å"ugliness† as she herself calls it. The line â€Å"None of their ways were lost on the child† (236) makes reference to just because the significant attribute of the youngster that ends up being fundamental to the story, that actually nothing, particularly things that are stated, are lost on the kid, they are substantially more rehashed and return all through the story in various settings. The story shows a young l ady got among Catholicism and mainstream things, as she blends everything in her own one of a kind image of the world. The main thing that affects the â€Å"child† is the point at which the young ladies advise how Sister Perpetua instructed them to stop â€Å"ungentlemanly boys† by saying â€Å"Stop sir! I am the Temple of the Holy Ghost!† (238). She perceives how the expression impacts Miss Kirby and she herself feels â€Å"as in the event that someone as given her a present† (238). This expression returns as a theme later in the story and right now in this unique setting the strict is stood up to with the mainstream. She continually considers being a â€Å"good person,† she might even want to have been a holy person, â€Å"because that included all that you could know† (243) yet she imagines that she has an excessive number of issues, for example, being a liar, ... ... smell and she at long last acknowledges she is â€Å"in the nearness of God† (247). These impacts make her quiet down and begin to supplicate and admit her â€Å"sins† in spite of the fact that â€Å"mechanically†: â€Å"Hep me not to be so mean†¦Hep me not to give her so much backtalk. Hep me not to talk like I do.† When the minister at long last raises the monstrance â€Å"with the Host sparkling ivory-hued in the focal point of it† she is thusly helped to remember the monstrosity at the reasonable and what he said and the strict world and the universe of the reasonable are combined in her psyche. The last picture of the story is the kid seeing the setting sun from the vehicle on their way back home from the religious circle and she envisions it to be a Host that is â€Å"drenched in blood.† One last time the interrelation of chapel and reasonable become noticeable as she envisions this scene directly after Alonzo makes reference to that the reasonable has been closed down on solicitation of evangelists.

About Me Essay Samples - Writing Services Help The Students And The Applicants

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Abortion Essay - 879 Words

Abortion An estimated 1.3 million abortions are performed annually or approximately two and a half abortions every minute (Abortion). In all societies, women have sought to terminate pregnancies for many reasons. Republicans and democrats support either the right to live or the right to decide. The debate whether abortion should be made legal continues to divide republicans and democrats long after the U.S. Supreme Court’s 7-2 decision on Roe v. Wade declaring abortion a â€Å"fundamental† right (Roe V. Wade). The conflict over abortion that was divided into two camps, Pro-Life and Pro-Choice, sparked different views in conservatives and liberals; supporters of both camps may come together to help in sex education, distribution of birth†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the rights of the mother, supported by the pro-choice camp, have its beliefs and consequences. It is the mother’s choice to make and the pro-choice supporters will support the decis ions made no matter the outcome. With help provided by the community health care centers, women will have the choice to prevent unwanted pregnancies through sex education, and improved distribution of birth control, to help women to shape their lives. Abortion rights can be abuses and may result in psychological damage. A 2002 study published by the Southern Medical Journal stated that â€Å"More than 173,000 American women found that women who aborted were 154% more likely to commit suicide than women who carried to term† (â€Å"Should Abortion Be Legal?†). Abortion may also increase the chances of future miscarriages and breast cancer development. In early pregnancy, levels of estrogen increase, leading to breast growth in preparation for a woman to breast feed her child will be interrupted by abortion. As a result, immature cells are left in the womans breasts presenting a greater risk of breast cancer (â€Å"Should Abortion Be Legal?†). Therefore, pro-choice supporters believe in the rights of the mother; abuse of abortion rights may lead to psychological damage, miscarriages, and breast cancer. Individuals of both pro-life and pro-choice camps agree women can prevent unwanted pregnancies by producing help in sex education and distribution of birth control. Throughout the years,Show MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

800 Word Essay Birth Control for Teens - 852 Words

Giving Birth Control to Teens Birth control for teens has always been a very controversial subject for parents, teachers and teens. Some believe that the government should mandate birth control for teens. There are some that are concerned with the government overstepping the lines of freedom. Due to the rise of teenage pregnancy and the heavy costs that is incurred, legislature should enact a law making it mandatory that teens receive birth control. Early teenage pregnancy risks the teens educational future and other life opportunities. In addition, taxpayers now are paying an estimated $20 billion a year to take care of the infants that our teens are now having. Teens that have become pregnant have found it difficult to†¦show more content†¦Stereotyping is not as prevalent as in previous decades, although parents do worry of this happening. As parents, people do not want to see their teen become pregnant and put that life on hold to raise a baby, birth control by legislation would help this situation. Reports show that teen pregnancy is declining compared to twenty years ago. Therefore, some lives are not disrupted, remain intact and are allowed to go on. Government plans and programs seem to be making a small step in birth control for teens. In Baltimore, Jr. High students found that if a school passes out prescription birth control, the government will not pay for the sex education class that is so desperately needed. It is either one program or the Smelser 4 other and it cannot be used in combination to each other. Our government should help take the burden off of our overworked parents and enable a program such as this. With the worlds population at over six billion, and a projected population of nine billion by the year 2048, birth control and sex education is sorely needed for our teens. WORKS CITED Braine, Teresa â€Å"Adolescent pregnancy: a culturally complex issue.† Bulletin World Health Organization 2009;87;410-411 Lyons, Linda â€Å"Assessing the Patterns That Prevent Teenage Pregnancy† Health Source-Consumer Edition Spring 99, Vol. 34 Issue 133, p.221,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Beef...and Why It Shouldnt Be Whats for Dinner5062 Words   |  21 Pagesvegan diet uses only about half that amount (Corliss). Ironically, the industry also wastes massive amounts of food. The amount of grain consumed by Americas livestock - about five times the grain consumed by humans in the U.S. - could feed 800 million people (Corliss). Jean Mayer, a nutritionist at Harvard, estimates that a reduction in meat consumption by the American people by just ten percent would produce enough grain to feed 60 million people (Motavelli), and former Environmental MinisterRead MoreEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pagesbe achievable with individuals acting independently in a self-interested fashion. What collective gains did the Spartan constitution generate? Most obviously, the conquest of Messenia had raised the return to defense (primarily to ensure continued control of the conquered territory), and defense is the quintessential public good. 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They may never grow large, and the owners may prefer a more stable and less aggressive approach to running these businesses; in other words, they manage their businesses by expecting stable sales, profits, and growth. Because small firms include those purchased as already established businesses as well as franchises, small-business owners can be viewed as managers of small businessesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprotagonists: the truth is out there, and we can objectively know it Philosophical disputes around the role of the subjective in science Epistemological and ontolological disputes: how can we ever know the ‘truth’ and is there an ‘out there’? A few words of warning about the term postmodernism Overview of the structure and rationale of the book Chapter summaries Chapter 2: Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Chapter 3: Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? 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Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Nocturnal Awakening And Frequent Crying †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Nocturnal Awakening And Frequent Crying? Answer: Introduction: Nocturnal awakening and frequent crying episode in young children gives major challenges to parents while caring for their children. Bed time problem and night awakening affect about 20 to 30% of infants and toddlers. This problem initiating in infancy often persist in school age too. This is found to have deleterious effect on children such as poor cognitive development, mood problems, aggressive behavior and attention deficit. All this consequently has an impact on health and quality of life of children too. In case of parents, crying episodes and nocturnal awakening in children increases their distress level due to fatigue and lack of sleep (Honaker and Meltzer 2014) Hence, there is a need to find strategies or intervention to manage bedtime tantrums of children. The research by Rickert and Johnson (1988) identified the intervention of scheduled awakening as an effective strategy to reduce and gradually eliminate the crying episodes and night awakening in young children. The study mainly evaluated the effectiveness of scheduled awakening by comparing it with systematic ignoring procedure. The scheduled awakening intervention is the business process of waking and consoling a child 15 to 30 minute before nocturnal awakening to assist in sleep consolidation. The maturation in sleep pattern was analysed by means including a no treatment group without the intervention too. This report critically analysed the research study by comparing it with recent literature on the same issue to assess whether such intervention should be funded or not. Hence, the decision for funding the intervention depends on its critical appraisal by means of relevant CASP tool Search strategy: To analyse the effectiveness of scheduled awakening in reducing nocturnal awakening in young children, there is a need to review recent research literatures related to the topic to find out whether same strategies or other interventions has been proposed for addressing the research problem. The main strategy for searching the research article is to include only those articles which have been published between 2007 and 2017. The other inclusion criteria for articles includes they must be peer reviewed journal articles written in English and they must cover the strategies to manage nocturnal awakening in young children. The relevant research articles were retrieved from the databases like CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane library and the search engine called Google Scholar. The key search term used in searching the articles included nocturnal awakening and crying episodes in young children, intervention for nocturnal awakening in infants and strategies to address nocturnal awakening issues in c hildren. The inclusion criteria and specific search term can help to review current studies and evaluate current interventions proposed for the same issue. Literature search: The key findings from the review of literature are as follows: Author and date Intervention Key findings Honaker and Meltzer (2014). It analysed the effect of behavioral interventions on bedtime problem and night awakening Almost 94% studies reported efficacious outcome and clinical improvement in young children by using behavioral therapy. Support was given to interventions like scheduled awakening and positive routine Meltzer and Mindell, 2014 Behavioral interventions like graduated extinction, parent education, bedtime fading, scheduled awakening was evaluated for their effect in sleep consolidation Behavioral treatment resulted in improvement in childrens sleep onset latency and night waking frequency, however there is lack of studies that identified factors needed for success of treatment. Vriend and Corkum, (2011) Clinical management of behavioral insomnia It explained about different form of interventions for behavioral insomnia such as pharmacological intervention, behavioral treatment and sleep treatments. Behavioral treatment was found to be the first in line treatment for the night awakening Werner et al. (2015) The Zurich 3 concept for the management of sleep disorder in children. This process combines the sleep regulation model on introducing regular rhythm with adjusting bed time with behavioral strategies. The intervention was found to decrease nocturnal wake duration of children and increase night sleep duration. Price et al. (2012) Evaluation of behavioral infant sleep intervention to improve infant sleep Sleep intervention has no long term impact and parents can use their technique only for managing short to medium term sleep problems and maternal depression Critical appraisal: As the research study by Rickert and Johnson (1988) is based on randomized controlled method, the CASP tool for randomized controlled trial has been applied for critically appraising the articles. The results of the appraisal are as follows: Validity of the results of the study Presence of focused issue in the study: Rickert and Johnson (1988) gave clear indication of the focused issue in the study by clearly stating the main purpose of research. The main aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring procedures (intervention) for decreasing awakening and crying episodes in infants and young children (population). Hence, the main intervention was scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring and the comparator was no treatment condition Process of allocation: In RCT studies, random allocation process is needed to randomly assign participants to treatment and control group. When this process is done correctly, it is effective in reducing bias in the system. Therefore, the two critical aspects of the random allocation process is developing random sequence and concealing the treatment before patients have been assigned to specific groups (Dettori 2010). The participants for the randomized controlled trial included 33 children with average age of 20 months and they were recruited via local newspaper advertisements. All the children were economy assigned to treatment group and control group before home visit (Rickert and Johnson 1988). Hence, it is confirmed that allocation sequence were concealed from researcher and patients as parents got to know about their assigned group only after data was collected regarding each childs daily schedule (duration of time awake for the day, feeding time, duration when child spontaneously woke up and cried a nd unusual situations disrupting routine) for 9 nine weeks. Treatment of patients who entered the trial: To assess whether all participants who entered the trial were properly accounted for its conclusion or not, it is necessary that complete follow up of patient is done and researcher analyze the outcome in participants assigned to specific group. In this context, anomalies have been found in the treatment of group in the study. For instance, at first children were randomly assigned to control, scheduled awakening or systematic ignoring group. However, as many children dropped out in between, only 33 participants remained for the study out of 56. To ensure that all participants were analyzed in their assigned group, parents were asked to report seven days prior to treatment. This helped in maintaining baseline data for the study. The maintenance of baseline data reflects the validity and transparency of the study as it helps in effectively interpreting the study results (Deke and Puma 2013). Blinding to treatment Blinding in randomized controlled trial is done by having procedures that prevents participants and assessors from knowing which intervention was given to them. However, it is impossible to achieve blinding in studies, because for evaluating the outcome of the studies, active engagement of participants is required. In the research study by Rickert and Johnson (1988), all children and their parents were randomly assigned to treatment. This means allocation to treatment was concealed from them, however it cannot be said that they were blinded to treatment too. They were randomly assigned to control and the two intervention group and participants got to know about their assigned group only after data related to the history of spontaneous awakening in each child were collected. Hence, open labeling in this study was seen which did not fulfilled the blinding criteria and this may lead to biasness too. In a similar RCT study done to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventi on, infants were selected on the basis of parents reported sleep problem, however the difference in approach from the above study was that allocation was concealed and only researchers but not parents were blinded to group allocation (Price et al. 2012). Similarity of the groups at the start of the trial While evaluating the quality of a RCT study, the similarity of the group at the start of the trial is denoted by baseline factors such as age, sex, social class, education and health status. Keeping these baseline parameters similar is critical for maintain the validity of the study because baselines factors also influence study outcome and effect of interventions (Higgins et al. 2011). Rickert and Johnson (1988) maintained the similarity of group at the start by taking children in the age group of 6 to 54 months. However, biasness in baseline factors was that same social factor was not maintained. For instance, there were single parent families as well as two-parent families. Difference in level of education of parents was also seen which might have great impact on the study outcome. Such baseline recruitment is not maintained in many other studies too. Equal treatment of the group: Equal treatment of the group in randomized controlled trial is maintained if researcher can identify any other factors apart from the intervention that might have an impact on performance on each participant. Rickert and Johnson (1988) equally treated the group by means of exclusion criteria for recruiting the participants. For instance, since two interventions- scheduled awakening and systematic ignoring was compared in this study, researchers took care to eliminate all those factors that could have an impact on interventions. Hence, the main consideration for the researcher was to exclude those parents who did not had concern regarding spontaneous awakening. Secondly, children who resisted in going to bed were excluded because scheduled awakening is not meant to address this problem and this could have an impact on study outcome. In addition, the researcher also analysed the baseline data for age and number of night awakening episodes to determine difference in groups according to baseline factors. Vastness of treatment effect In RCT studies, treatment effect is understood from the method of comparison between outcome in intervention and control group. While comparing the decrease in the number of spontaneous awakening and crying episodes in each group, it was found that children in systematic ignoring group has faster rate of positive outcome in 8 weeks period. Another significant result from the study was that scheduled awakening was also considered to be effective in reducing night awakening, however the change or improvement in symptoms was slow in this case. The researcher also specified the period at which major difference in outcome in three groups were seen and this was observed mainly in week 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (Rickert and Johnson 1988). Hence, it can be said that be evaluating treatment groups in the order of intervention, the first place was taken by systematic ignoring condition followed by scheduled awakening and then the no treatment group. This result is also consistent with a study reviewing sleep management interventions as the study showed that systematically ignoring the demands of children for specific periods was effective in improving sleep patterns in children (Halal. and Nunes 2014). Estimate of the treatment effect The precision of the treatment effect in RCT studies is determined on the basis of confidence interval and effect size. This means that narrow confidence interval will denote clear precision in results, whereas wider interval is an indication of greater uncertainty in results. While evaluating Rickert and Johnson (1988) study on the basis of precision of its results, it can be said that the confidence interval is wide because great variability in control group and developmental trends were seen. This indicates that more research is needed to identify why children in no treatment group showed improvement in outcome. Despite this limitation, the study was successful in proving that systematic ignoring and scheduled awakening have positive effect in reducing sleep related behavioral issues in infants. Another study by ?rn?ec, Matthey and Nemeth, (2010) is most appropriate to justify this study outcome because the study was about the behavioral approaches of systematic ignoring and sched uled awakening only. The study proved the efficacy of the intervention. Application of the study result The success of any research is understood when the research provided effective and validated evidence regarding applying the intervention is local population. The generalisability and transferability of a research is high if same intervention can be easily applied in local population. In the RCT study reviewing the effectiveness of systematic ignoring and nocturnal scheduling, it can be said that although systematic ignoring gave better outcome, however there is less chance of applying it in local setting. This is because many parents may not prefer ignoring their childs cry as an appropriate treatment to reduce night awakening period. There is evidence also which have showed that parents strongly resist employing the systematic ignoring approach for their child (Etherton, Blunden and Hauck 2016). Hence, this fact suggest that scheduled awakening might be a better intervention to apply in local setting due its acceptance level among parents compared to systematic ignoring. The limita tion in acceptance of systematic ignoring also suggest that more research work is required to find effective alternative to ignoring that can give positive results too. There is also a need to conduct more research on understanding the mechanism to reinforce positive sleep behavior in children if systematic scheduling technique needs to be applied in the local population Consideration of clinically important outcomes In the context of night awakening problem in children, the most clinically significant outcome was reducing the period of nocturnal awakening and frequency of awakening in children. Rickert and Johnson (1988) proved the efficacy of systematic ignoring and systematic awakening by means of clinical outcomes too. For instance, dramatic improvement in frequency of awakening in children was seen in the systematic ignorance group and the crying episodes were reduced in other intervention group. Hence, clinically also the study is outcome, however focusing on clinical outcome of parents like stress level post intervention would also have enhanced the validity and quality of the study Value of the benefits from research The RCT trial needed both cost and time investment, however this investment was worth the effort because the efficacy of both the interventions for children could be easily judged. The study gave honest response regarding the efficacy of scheduled awakening intervention compared to systematic ignoring on grounds of its viability and acceptance level by parents. However, the only limitation is that its effects are slower and identifying the correct mechanism for this intervention will improve the outcome associated with it. Conclusion: This report highlighted the issue of nocturnal awakening and crying episodes in children and it impact on both parent and childs heath. The critical appraisal of the research by Rickert and Johnson (1988) along with comparison from recent research literature revealed that scheduled awakening is a beneficial strategy to reduce nocturnal awakening time in children. The literature search regarding similar topic also revealed that scheduled awakening is more favorable for reducing sleep problem in children. Hence, after realizing the efficacy of scheduled awakening intervention, it can be said that this intervention should be funded. It is also recommended to improve the mechanism associated with this intervention so that it can be easily implemented in community. More research regarding appropriate mechanism behind scheduled awakening would help to get clinical significant outcome in children and parents. Reference ?rn?ec, R., Matthey, S. and Nemeth, D., 2010. Infant sleep problems and emotional health: a review of two behavioural approaches.Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,28(1), pp.44-54. 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