Information Technology On Nursing Practices Health And Social Care Essay

learning Technology On Nursing Practices Health And affectionate C be EssayMethodology -Survey lay down instrument was determinationd to assembly the responses from the haves working in leading infirmarys having more 300 beds in Tiruchirapp every last(predicate)i district. 70 respondents participated in this survey.Findings Chi-squ ar try on revealed that demographic characteristics of go fors and usage of schooling engine room argon independent The results of factor outline demonstrated that softwares, data bases, commove tranfer and remark devices are signifi tidy sumt in explaining assertion aim among nurses and factors exchangeable figurer gate, perception slightly selective training technology, connectivity, and shortage of estimators are pregnant in creating barriers in usage of randomness technolgy. The ex cristalt to which nurses access and practice randomness technology and the purposes for which nurses use information technolgy are in like manner highlighted.Limitations- This study is peculiar(a) to only hospitals and the results. The results may non be applicable to other blood organizations.KeywordsInformation Technology, Nursing, HospitalINTRODUCTIONThe jar of information technology on attending for has been a subject of discourse and dissertation for the latter fractional of the 20 (th) centuries and the early part of the 21(st). That this burgeoning technology has concussioned the way nurses nurse discharge be without doubt. Whether this technology has and leave behind have a forbid or positive outcome on treat practice is where the get by centres. This study was undertaken with an objective of analysing the debate that surrounds the issues of the impact of Information Technology (IT) on treat practice. The study is also intended mainly to findout the extent and use of information technology on nursing practices.REVIEW OF LITERATURE alsofany, Swaleh (2006) examined the emplacement of nurses to the use of information technology (IT) in health care in Great Britain. A agreement is being developed by the segment of Health that will allow nurses to retrieve the health records of patients from core reckoner storage. A nurse does non consider themselves as having central roles in IT foc victimisation. numerous commentators believe that technophobia among nurses continues despite the increasing need for them to employ IT in health carePorter-OGrady, Tim (1999) had undertaken a study on Technology Demands changeable Nursing Roles. The study mainly focused on how nursing managers essential face the emerging technological changes in health care and what is the impact of technology on nursing care and role of the manager in intercourse to the changes.Simpson, Roy L (2006) in their study, focused on the significance of information technology (IT) to nursing. It is said that a new way of practicing evidence-based nursing will rely on IT. The mindset about the importance of IT is sai d to be the near challenging hindrance to IT ubiquity. The elements that are requirement to IT ubiquity in nursing are products, learning, access and need.Rollins, Gina (2007) reported on the growing heel of nurses in the U.S. who are leaving hospitals to enter the clinical informatics world as electronic health records proliferate. A recent survey by the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society found the top terce job responsibilities for nurse informatics embarrass systems implementation, systems development and liaison or communicator.Simpson, Roy L.(2002) in their study on The virtual reality revolution technology changes nursing education discussed the bene checkers of virtual technology for the improvement of nursing education. The causality also focussed on background on limited opportunities for nursing students to practice their skills Advantages of using virtual reality technologies in improving the clinical skills of nursing students are also highlight ed. Information on several nursing simulation likewisels were also presented in this study.Simpson, Roy L (2007) presents an psychoanalysis of how increasing the act of informatics-trained nurses can help in the continual growth of consume for nurses in the U.S. A paradigm of the supply-side economics was interpretd to compare the positive effect of elating supply than demand. The health care industry has reached the world of information technology (IT) so that nurses should then learn the language that it speaks, which is informatics. The author contends that the amount of effort, time and specie can be saved if informatics-trained nurses are indeed pursued as a focus of development in the industry.Wallis, Alison (2007) in his study on Clinical data standards and nursing describes the benefits of information and communications technology programmes, a good deal referred to as electronic health (e-health), to nurses in Great Britain. Among its contributions to patient care i nclude its ability to offer ways of sharing patient information and the access it provides clinical data for benchmarking and audit. The benefits of data standards accrue to nurses at all take aims, whether they work in direct patient care, in unit centering or at health board level.Brommeyer, Mark (2005) explains the concept of e-health healthcare technology. The authoer also highlighted the advantages of adopting e-health Information and communication technologies being used in most hospitals are also studied and Implications of using the technology are all the way furnished in his study.Hudson, Kathleen (2007), in his study Innovations in cardiac nursing and technology deals with several areas in which emerging technologies in cardiac nursing are most promising. The triplet options that exist for heart failure patients include destination therapy, bridge to transplant and bridge to recovery. A cost-effective encounter predictor is the Electrocardiogram T-wave analysis using microvolt T-wave alternans. Cardiac performance can be reliably assessed by non-invasive ambulatory impedance cardiography.RESEARCH methodological analysisThe present study is undertaken to find out the pursual.To let on the extent to which nurse have access to and use information technology and information management systems.To identify the purposes for which nurses use information techonolgy and information mangement systems.To find the association among the demographic profile and the work think activities with using computing machineTo identify the variables and their grouping into factors that influence level of confidence in the use of the following systems like input devices, software packages, data storages, and file transfer.To understand the barriers that prevents nurses from benefitng from information technology and information management system.3.1 The Sampling DesignA backstage hospital was chosen for conducting this study. The study has taken into account the var ious aspects of information technology and its impact on nursing practices. A sample of 70 nurses has been chosen from the populaton of 147 nurses working in same hospital using unsophisticated random sampling method. The tabulated description of demographic details of sample is presented in dodge 1. duck 1. oftenness Distribution of sample demographicsS.noVariablesNumberFrequency (%)1GenderFemale701002 mount upBelow 30557930-4015213DesignationStaff Nurse4260ANM2536Surgical technician23Anesthesia technician114Shift timingContinuous break of serve worker5477Day change over worker710Evening shift worker46Night shift worker11Morning and Evening shift worker34Evening and night shift worker115QualificationsDiploma4666UG1217PG23Other10146DepartmentGeneral shield4361Annexe ward710 summons Theatre710Dialysis Unit46intensive care unit9133.2 Data CollectionThe data was collected from the nurses of the selected hospital through a questionaire which has 11 parts, namelyDemographic charact eristics and background of IT get to and Use of computing machinesUse of Information TechnologyAccess to Internet and Intranet intimacy of current Health I.T initiativesJob requirement for I.TTraining and Education about Information technologyBarriers to use of computersTechnical pledgeManagement attitudes and supportSecurity3.3 Measurement ScaleThe questionaire consisted of a series of statements, where the nurses were requested to provide answers in the form of agreement or disagreement and good or poor and rarely or frequently and confident or not confident to express their perceptions towards information technology. A Likert scale was used.DATA synopsis4.1 Chi determine Analysis4.1.1 Chi- Square turn up of import (Age and be given cerebrate activities at alkali computer)H0 at that place is no significant parity between age and change state related activities at seat computer.H1 in that respect is significant relation between age and subject area related activitie s at blank space computer.4.1.2 Chi- Square show of Significance (Designation and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 at that place is no significant relation between appellation and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between designation and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.3 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.4 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.5 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Department and Wo rk related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between department and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between department and Work related activities at Home computer.The assesss of chi-square statistics obtained from chi-squre dispersal confuse for all 5 combinations are 14.07, 32.67, 49.80, 32.67 and 41.337 in that order and the cypher chi-square statistics values are 12.853, 25.408, 36.97, 26.34 and 34.14 in that order which lies in the acceptance region. Thus, the visionary hypothesis can not be rejected .So, it can be concluded that demomograhpic characteristcs of nurses are independent with regard to work related activities at home computer on the basis of statistical evidence at 5 % level of significance. Results of chi-square are presented in add-in 3.Table 3 Results of Chi-squre AnalysisS.noVariablesChi-square statistic1Age and Work related activities at Home computer.12.853 2Designation and Work rel ated activities at Home computer.25.408 3Shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.36.97 4Qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.26.34 5Department and Work related activities at Home computer.34.14 4.2 gene Analysis4.2.1 Key dimension take of confidence in using computersData validity for factor analysis was calculated using KMO Measure of sampling adequacy. The minimum acceptable level is 0.5. Since calculated Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.859 ) is greater than 0.5, so it is appropriate to do factor analysis. whence Bartletts try of sphericity value is 1144.756, it is also a kind of chi-square and it is significant. The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartletts test of sphericity are shown in table 5.Table 5 KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..859BartlettsTestof SphericityApprox. Chi-Square1144.756Df153.000Sig..000Table 6 quantity magnetic declination ExplainedComponentInitial Eigen valuesExtraction Sums of Sq uared LoadingsTotal% of strainCumulative %Total% of divisionCumulative %19.28851.59951.5999.28851.59951.59921.92610.69862.2981.92610.69862.29831.4688.15470.4521.4688.15470.45241.2546.96577.4161.2546.96577.4165.8694.83082.2466.7284.04486.2907.4762.64288.9338.3531.96090.8939.3341.85392.74610.2641.46594.21111.2371.31995.53012.2251.25096.78013.148.82097.60014.140.77898.37915.107.59698.97516.087.48199.45517.055.30899.76318.043.237100.000The Principal Component Analysis was used for extraction method. The Table 6 reveals that 4 factors have been extracted out of 18 variables that exceed the Eigen value of one. The variables less than the Eigen value of one are not considered during extraction method.Table 7 Rotation Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of sportCumulative %6.62636.81236.8122.70715.03851.8502.66014.77766.6271.94210.79077.416The Table 7 shows that Factor 1, factor 2, factor 3 and factor 4 explain a variation of 36.812%, 15.038%, 14.777%, 10.790% respectively and unneurotic sho w the variant of 77.416%.Table 8 Rotated Component ground substanceComponent1234Apple mac OS.888.125.204.106SPSS.853.212.245-.014 fictitious character overlyls.836.199.291-.072Spreadsheet.811.219.152.065Evidence based practice resources.810.116.399-.020Data projector.773.226.271-.056USB.766.113.446.030Presentation.684.376-.042.272Touchscreeen.645.282.131.212Wi ndows OS.590.232.150.355 netmail.294.868.223-.018Intranet.149.842.267.030Internet.497.741.052-.112Data base.195.260.882.085Cd/DVD fixed storage.399.338.754.079 intelligence service processing.352.039.700.157Keyboard.048.045.067.920Mouse.066-.108.118.880Table 9 Naming of FactorsFactor 1Software PackagesFactor 2File TransferFactor 3Data StorageFactor 4Input devicesApple Mac OSEmailData baseKeyboardSPSSIntranetCD/DVD ROMMouseReference toolsInternetWord processingSpreadsheetEvidence based practice resourcesData projectorUSBPresentationTouchscreeenWindows OSIt is infered that factor 1 consists of ten variables of which Apple M ac OS , SPSS and Reference tools are found to be significant with a variation of 36.812%. Factor 2 consists of three variables of which telecommunicate and intrant are significant with a variation of 15.038%. Factor 3 consists of three a variable of which database is significant with a variation of 14.777%. Factor 4 consists of two variables of which key board is significant with a variation of 10.790 %. ground on the results of factor lading (table 8), the factors are named which is given in table 9.4.2.2 Key Dimension Barriers to access of computersData validity for factor analysis was calculated using KMO Measure of sampling adequacy. The minimum acceptable level is 0.5. Since calculated Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.685) is greater than 0.5, so it is appropriate to do factor analysis. because Bartletts test of sphericity value is 592.529, it is also a kind of chi-square and it is significant. The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartletts test of sphericity are shown in table 10.Tab le 10 KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..685Bartletts Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square592.529Df153.000Sig..000Table 11 Total Variance ExplainedComponentInitial EigenvaluesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %16.10533.91633.9166.10533.91633.91621.7599.77443.6891.7599.77443.68931.5818.78552.4751.5818.78552.47541.5178.43060.9051.5178.43060.90551.1506.39067.2941.1506.39067.2946.9825.45572.7507.8284.59977.3488.7364.09281.4409.6423.56885.00810.5282.93187.93911.4582.54490.48212.4032.24192.72313.3271.81594.53814.2841.57996.11715.2461.36597.48216.2081.15798.64017.158.87699.51618.087.484100.000Table 11 reveals that 5 factors have been extracted out of 18 variables that exceed the Eigen value of one.The variables less than the Eigen value of one are not considered during extraction method.Table 12 Rotation Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %3.71520.64120.6413.28218.23538.8762.08 411.57850.4541.82210.12160.5751.2106.72067.294The table 12 shows that factor 1, factor 2, factor 3 and factor 4 explain a variation of 20.641%, 18.235%, 11.578%, 10.121% and 6.720% respectively and together show the variance of 67.274%.Table 13 Rotated Component MatrixComponent12345Too many work demands.727.023.177.150.310Confidence in use.726.305-.077.074-.285IT experience.712.086-.087.053.063 repartee time of computer.678.191.359-.014.141Working in computer does not fit my work demand.675.091.491.082.137Lack of IT support.622.471.019.086-.053Attitudes of IT Department.368.802.051.118-.106Discouragement by others.059.758.065.102.054Patient and others are resentful of me at the computer-.074.692-.131.030.361Concerns about health and asylum.274.678.232.016-.088Lack of encouragement by mgmt.380.537.267.080.267Age-.057-.049.852.040.088Senior round take priority.322.511.600.068-.054not having Interest in using computer.466.248.530.029-.020Location of computer I use.242-.096-.195.813. 235 unreliable connections-.136.268.316.787.091Log on is too long.230.212.082.670-.465Not comme il faut computers.182.139.097.092.687Factor 1 electronic computer AccessFactor 2PerceptionFactor 3exercising of ComputerFactor 4ConnectivityFactor 5Not having bounteous computersToo many work demandsAttitudes of IT DepartmentAgeLocation of computer I useNot enough computersConfidence in useDiscouragement by othersSenior staff take priorityUnreliable connectionsIT knowledgePatient and others are resentful of me at the computerNot having Interest in using computerLog on is too longResponse time of computerConcerns about health and condomWorking in computer does not fit my work demandLack of encouragement by mgmtLack of IT supportTable 14 Naming of FactorsIt is also infered that Factor 1 consists of six variables of which variables like too much demand of work and confidence in used are found to be significant with a variation of 20.641%. Factor 2 consists of five variables of which varia ble namely Attitudes of IT deparment is significant with a variation of 18.235 %. Factor 3 consists of three variables of which variable namely age is significant with a variation of 11.578%. Factor 4 consists of three variables of which location of computers is significant with a variation of 10.121%. Factor 5 consists of one variable of which not enough computers is significant with a variation of 6.720 %. Based on the results of factor loading (Table 13), the factors are named which is given in table 14.CONCLUSIONSThe conclusions derived in empirical analysis are summaried below.Most of the nurses are aware of Information Technology Practices rife in their workplace.There is a common consensus that Information Technology reduces the errors in handling the Patient/client data.Nurses use information technology for the purposes like professonal development, clinical care, patient care, administration, research and communication.Regarding the extent of access, majority of nurses dis agree that they stave off using computers at their work. They have also realized the importance of using computers in their work.It is also found that use of information technology enables nurses in reducing errors in patient data and also helps in reducing duplication.There is also common agreemnt on the fact that Information technolgy do their job easier.Since the nurses are able to realize the importance of Information technolgy for their employer, they prefer that training on Information technology has to be provided to them by face-to-face.Many nurses didnt have their personal email id at their workplace and they are not financialy rewarded for the usage of Information technology.There is a lack of confidence in using of systems like Patient/client monitoring ,Diagnostic result access ,Financial management,Staff Management,Delivery and On-line professional journals etc.,The demographic characteristics of nurses have a significant impact on the work related activities at the ir home.Factors like software packages, file transfer, data storage and input devices are significant in explaining the confidence level of nurses regarding the usage of computers.Factors like computer access, perception about Information technology, usage of computers, connectively, shortages of computers are significant in explaining the barriers to access of computers.Based on the findings, few suggestions have been made by researcher which is summarized belowThis study should be made every year to evaluate the new practices that can bring in changes in the hospital.The hospital administrators should provide rewarding system for Using of IT in work.The hospitals should also try to remove the barriers for improving the computer access among nurses.The nurses may also be permitted to access the Internet and Intranet in their work place.The management should provide them the training on the basis of the knowledge of current health initiativesIt is concluded that the latest developme nt in the IT greatly influences the day today activities of the nurses. So the Hospital Management should take necessary steps to take initiatives for the nurses to access the technology.LIMITATIONS AND FUTHER RESEARCHThe results obtained in this study could be subject to some limitations as mentioned belowThe study is limited to a particlar hospital in a district.Since it is a service sector it was found to be difficult in meeting the respondents.The findings are based on the responses of 70 moderate sample sizes of nurses.Some avenues for further research are as followsA further study may be undertaken on factors that influences Information technolgy adoption among nurses andThe impact of information technolgy on patient safetyA study regarding how information management addressess the nursing issues may also be focussed.